Emergence of Digital Business Ecosystems: A theoretical framework

This paper seeks to determine what triggers the emergence of Digital Business Ecosystems. To reach this aim, Traditional Business Ecosystems are considered as the initial state from which Digital Business Ecosystems arise. Thus, both of the concepts are defined, stating their characteristics, roles of the actors and stages of formation. Moreover, organizational change theory is adopted in order to explain the cited emergence. Disruptions from the use of ICTs and the digital transformation initiatives prompt the evolution of Digital Business Ecosystems approach and stimulates the adoption of more innovative means of conducting business. Therefore, organizational change theory is suitable to explain the motives behind the potential shift of Business Ecosystems from Traditional to Digital. The inherent triggers can take place within each organization of the ecosystem and thus systems theory is advocated; the emphasis on fixing the appropriate organizational goals that involve innovation is the key to meet change. Transition can also emerge from people’s own will and the desire to evolve along with the new digital environment, or out of a conflictual situation where norms and rules evolve to embrace the new possibilities that digital offers. The results of the conceptual literature review confirm that the potential shift towards Digital Business Ecosystems is a reality that could be tackled by encouraging organizational development and fostering co-creation of value in a constantly changing environment. The findings offer a relevant conceptual contribution to bridge a gap in the DBE existing research regarding the origins of this concept and its driving force.   Keywords: Business Ecosystem, Digital Business Ecosystem, Organizational change theory. JEL Classification: M19 Paper type: Theoretical researchThis paper seeks to determine what triggers the emergence of Digital Business Ecosystems. To reach this aim, Traditional Business Ecosystems are considered as the initial state from which Digital Business Ecosystems arise. Thus, both of the concepts are defined, stating their characteristics, roles of the actors and stages of formation. Moreover, organizational change theory is adopted in order to explain the cited emergence. Disruptions from the use of ICTs and the digital transformation initiatives prompt the evolution of Digital Business Ecosystems approach and stimulates the adoption of more innovative means of conducting business. Therefore, organizational change theory is suitable to explain the motives behind the potential shift of Business Ecosystems from Traditional to Digital. The inherent triggers can take place within each organization of the ecosystem and thus systems theory is advocated; the emphasis on fixing the appropriate organizational goals that involve innovation is the key to meet change. Transition can also emerge from people’s own will and the desire to evolve along with the new digital environment, or out of a conflictual situation where norms and rules evolve to embrace the new possibilities that digital offers. The results of the conceptual literature review confirm that the potential shift towards Digital Business Ecosystems is a reality that could be tackled by encouraging organizational development and fostering co-creation of value in a constantly changing environment. The findings offer a relevant conceptual contribution to bridge a gap in the DBE existing research regarding the origins of this concept and its driving force.   Keywords: Business Ecosystem, Digital Business Ecosystem, Organizational change theory. JEL Classification: M19 Paper type: Theoretical researc

Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning in Finance: A literature review

In the 2020s, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly becoming a dominant technology, and thanks to new computer technologies, Machine Learning (ML) has also experienced remarkable growth in recent years; however, Artificial Intelligence (AI) needs notable data scientist and engineers’ innovation to evolve. Hence, in this paper, we aim to infer the intellectual development of AI and ML in finance research, adopting a scoping review combined with an embedded review to pursue and scrutinize the services of these concepts. For a technical literature review, we goose-step the five stages of the scoping review methodology along with Donthu et al.’s (2021) bibliometric review method. This article highlights the trends in AI and ML applications (from 1989 to 2022) in the financial field of both developed and emerging countries. The main purpose is to emphasize the minutiae of several types of research that elucidate the employment of AI and ML in finance. The findings of our study are summarized and developed into seven fields: (1) Portfolio Management and Robo-Advisory, (2) Risk Management and Financial Distress (3), Financial Fraud Detection and Anti-money laundering, (4) Sentiment Analysis and Investor Behaviour, (5) Algorithmic Stock Market Prediction and High-frequency Trading, (6) Data Protection and Cybersecurity, (7) Big Data Analytics, Blockchain, FinTech. Further, we demonstrate in each field, how research in AI and ML enhances the current financial sector, as well as their contribution in terms of possibilities and solutions for myriad financial institutions and organizations. We conclude with a global map review of 110 documents per the seven fields of AI and ML application.   Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Finance, Scoping review, Casablanca Exchange Market. JEL Classification: C80 Paper type: Theoretical ResearchIn the 2020s, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly becoming a dominant technology, and thanks to new computer technologies, Machine Learning (ML) has also experienced remarkable growth in recent years; however, Artificial Intelligence (AI) needs notable data scientist and engineers’ innovation to evolve. Hence, in this paper, we aim to infer the intellectual development of AI and ML in finance research, adopting a scoping review combined with an embedded review to pursue and scrutinize the services of these concepts. For a technical literature review, we goose-step the five stages of the scoping review methodology along with Donthu et al.’s (2021) bibliometric review method. This article highlights the trends in AI and ML applications (from 1989 to 2022) in the financial field of both developed and emerging countries. The main purpose is to emphasize the minutiae of several types of research that elucidate the employment of AI and ML in finance. The findings of our study are summarized and developed into seven fields: (1) Portfolio Management and Robo-Advisory, (2) Risk Management and Financial Distress (3), Financial Fraud Detection and Anti-money laundering, (4) Sentiment Analysis and Investor Behaviour, (5) Algorithmic Stock Market Prediction and High-frequency Trading, (6) Data Protection and Cybersecurity, (7) Big Data Analytics, Blockchain, FinTech. Further, we demonstrate in each field, how research in AI and ML enhances the current financial sector, as well as their contribution in terms of possibilities and solutions for myriad financial institutions and organizations. We conclude with a global map review of 110 documents per the seven fields of AI and ML application.   Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Finance, Scoping review, Casablanca Exchange Market. JEL Classification: C80 Paper type: Theoretical Researc

The impact of the co-production on the lived experience in a "phygital" store: a value-based approach Proposal of a model

The advent of new digital technologies seems to have changed people's consumption habits and decision-making processes. The marketing literature is full of discussions about the evolution of the customer experience over the last few decades, and the development of the status of the consumer. Indeed, the consumer has gone from being a rational consumer to an emotional consumer and finally to be considered a "prosumer". In addition to becoming an emotionally driven being and seeking unique and extraordinary shopping experiences, the consumer wants to participate in the production of his or her in- store experience, thus being part of the value creation process of his or her own experience, which has become easy thanks to the digital tools present in the physical sales space. This new form of commerce, called "phygital", represents a perfect combination of physical and virtual channels, and is now the most common retail strategy adopted by retailers worldwide. This new hybrid purchasing model is leading to changes both in the distribution channels used by retailers and in the way consumers behave. The objective of this article is to propose a research model aiming at linking the co-production of experience and the experience lived by the consumer in a phygital sales space

Phygital: Toward the empowerment of the customer and the competitiveness of the retail businesses

With the advent of technology, the retail industry has undergone a significant transformation in the few recent years. Living in the digital era means living in an era where the customers have access to digital tools and information at all times and everywhere. Customers are becoming more tech-oriented, and their expectations are changing rapidly, they also became more demanding regarding many aspects of their shopping experience. And with this free knowledge came the desire to be seen differently, not just the user and the destroyer of goods and services but also an involved stakeholder in the creation process. In response, retailers have been forced to adapt to the new reality and incorporate technology into their businesses. One such adaptation is the concept of phygital - the integration of digital in physical retail spaces, to create a seamless and personalized shopping journey that meets the evolving demands of customers. This article aims to explore, through a critical literature review how the phygital approach can empower customers and make retail businesses more competitive

L’effet de la Covid-19 sur les réponses comportementales du consommateur face à l’utilisation de l’achat en ligne : Cas de la grande distribution au Maroc

The Covid-19 sanitary crisis has had serious repercussions on all sectors of activity throughout the world, including the retail sector. Consumers are trying to adapt to the current situation in order to reduce human contact and to respect the instructions issued by the World Health Organization in order to limit the spread of the virus. In this article, we plan to study the impact of Covid-19 on the consumer's behavior towards the use of electronic commerce in the case of large-scale distribution in Morocco, through a quantitative study completed by 728 respondents and which was carried out via a questionnaire. This work is based on a review of the literature which allowed us to identify two versions of a model which has a priori the qualities required to carry out this study, the technological acceptance model (TAM) put forward by Davis in 1989 and TAM3 proposed by Venkatesh and Bala (2008), this model is mainly used to study the adoption of new technologies by the individual From a theoretical point of view, our objective is to revisit these traditional models in order to propose a theoretical model adapted to our study which defines the levels of the relations likely to exist between the antecedents of ease of use, perceived usefulness and the actual behavior of the consumer. This study highlights the direct or indirect influence of the barrier measures put in place by the WHO and the particularities of the virus on the behavior of consumers facing the digitalization of the distribution channel of large and medium-sized stores. It underlines the interest for the managers in the modern distribution sector to take into consideration changes in personal factors such as the brakes and motivations of consumers towards e-commerce.   JEL Classification: M31, O33 Paper type: Empirical researchLa crise sanitaire de la Covid-19 a engendré de lourdes répercussions sur l’ensemble des secteurs d’activités partout dans le monde, notamment celui de la grande distribution. Soucieux de réduire tout contact humain et de respecter les consignes émises par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, de façon à limiter la propagation du virus, le consommateur essaie de s’adapter à la situation actuelle. Dans cet article, nous envisageons d'étudier l'impact de la Covid-19 sur le comportement du consommateur face à l’utilisation du commerce électronique dans le cas de la grande distribution au Maroc, par le biais d’une étude quantitative renseignée par 728 répondants et qui fut réalisée via un questionnaire. Ce travail s'appuie sur une revue de littérature qui a permis d’identifier deux versions d’un modèle ayant à priori les qualités requises pour réaliser cette étude, le modèle d’acceptation technologique (TAM) avancé par Davis en 1989 et TAM3 proposé par Venkatesh et Bala (2008), ce modèle est principalement utilisé pour étudier l’adoption des nouvelles technologies par l’individu. Notre objectif d’un point de vue théorique est de revisiter ces modèles traditionnels afin de proposer un modèle théorique adapté à notre étude qui définit les niveaux des relations susceptibles d’exister entre les antécédents de la facilité d’utilisation, de l’utilité perçue et le comportement effectif du consommateur. Cette étude met en évidence l’influence directe ou indirecte des mesures barrières mises en place par l’OMS et les particularités du virus sur le comportement des consommateurs face à la digitalisation du canal de distribution des grandes et moyennes surfaces. Elle souligne ainsi l’intérêt, pour les managers du secteur de la distribution moderne, de prendre en considération les changements au niveau des facteurs personnels tels que les freins et motivations des consommateurs vis-à-vis du e-commerce.   Classification JEL : M31, O33 Type de l’article : Étude empiriqu

Effectiveness and Cost of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets and Indoor Residual Spraying for the Control of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Cluster-Randomized Control Trial in Morocco.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains an important public health problem in Morocco. A cluster-randomized trial was conducted with the following three study arms: 1) long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) plus standard of care environmental management (SoC-EM), 2) indoor residual spraying (IRS) with α-cypermethrin plus SoC-EM, and 3) SoC-EM alone. Incidence of new CL cases by passive and active case detection, sandfly abundance, and cost and cost-effectiveness was compared between study arms over 5 years. Incidence of CL and sandfly abundance were significantly lower in the IRS arm compared with SoC-EM (CL incidence rate ratio = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15-0.69, P = 0.005 and sandfly abundance ratio = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18-0.85, P = 0.022). Reductions in the LLIN arm of the study were not significant, possibly due to poor compliance. IRS was effective and more cost-effective for the prevention of CL in Morocco

L’effet des principes de la corporate gouvernance sur la performance des entreprises cotées en bourse : Revue de littérature et proposition d’un modèle conceptuel

Le présent article examine l'interaction entre les principes de la corporate gouvernance et la performance des entreprises cotées en bourse. La corporate gouvernance est un vaste domaine qui englobe un ensemble de structures, de politiques et de processus conçus pour régir le fonctionnement et la supervision des organisations. Ces principes visent à établir un cadre de gestion qui favorise la responsabilité, la transparence, l'éthique et l'intégrité au sein de l'entreprise. Cet article repose sur une analyse approfondie de la littérature existante portant sur le lien entre la corporate gouvernance et la performance des entreprises cotées en bourse. Des recherches précédentes ont déjà avancé que la mise en place d'une bonne corporate gouvernance et de ses principes peut favoriser la création de valeur et l'amélioration des performances des entreprises. L'objectif de cet article est de présenter un cadre conceptuel global qui intègre les concepts de corporate gouvernance et de performance. Il offre également une revue de la littérature et propose un modèle conceptuel de recherche explorant la relation entre les principes de corporate gouvernance et la performance des entreprises cotées en bourse

Non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with glycolipids: glyconanomaterials with specific lectin-affinity

3 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 esquema.A strategy based on the utilization of neutral pyrene functionalized neoglycolipids I that interact with a CNT’s surface giving rise to biocompatible nanomaterials which are able to engage specific ligand-lectin interactions similar to glycoconjugates on the cell membrane is reported.Financial supports from the DGICyT (grant No. CTQ2006-15515-CO2-01 and CTQ2007-61185), the Junta de Andalucía (grant P06-FQM-01852 and P07-FQM-2774), the CNRS and CSIC (Egide Picasso 09543XA and PICS 2008 programmes) are gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Improved non-covalent biofunctionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using carbohydrate amphiphiles with a butterfly-like polyaromatic tail

15 páginas, 8 figuras, 1 tabla, 3 esquemas.We have developed an efficient strategy for the non-covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which allows a biomimetic presentation of carbohydrates on their surface by π-π stacking interactions. The strategy is based on the use of sugar-based amphiphiles functionalized with tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]fluorene (Tbf), a polyaromatic compound with a topology that resembles a butterfly with open wings. The new carbohydrate-tethered Tbf amphiphiles have been synthesized in a straightforward manner using click chemistry. The reported method has been developed in order to improve the rather low ability of pyrene-based systems to exfoliate MWCNTs in water. By means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and fluorescence spectroscopies the interaction between MWCNTs and the Tbf group has been found to be stronger than those involving pyrene-based amphiphilic carbohydrates. The resulting aggregates with a multivalent sugar exposition on their surface are able to engage in specific ligand-lectin interactions similar to glycoconjugates on a cell membrane.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant No. CTQ2010-21755-CO2-00), the Junta de Andalucía (grant Nos. P06-FQM-01852 and P07-FQM-2774), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) and the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Egide Picasso 09543XA and Projets Internationaux de Cooperation Scientifiques Program 2008-2010).Peer reviewe

Tailoring carbon nanotube surfaces with glyconanorings: new bionanomaterials with specific lectin affinity

3 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 esquema.Remarkably stable, water-soluble glyconanoring-coated SWCNTs were prepared by self organization and photopolymerization of neutral diacetylene-based glycolipids on the nanotube surface; the nanoconstructs are able to engage in specific ligand–lectin interactions in a similar way to glycoconjugates on cell membranes.This work was supported by the DGICyT (grant No. CTQ2006-15515-CO2-01 and CTQ2007-61185), the Junta de Andalucía (grant P06-FQM-01852 and P07-FQM-2774), the CNRS (France) and CSIC (Egide Picasso 09543XA and PICS Program 2008).Peer reviewe